Well...several perspectives
Visio in general is best at static drawings. Yes, smart shapes and custom properties possible, but best at static drawings
if formulas fixed but parameters (triggers, values, etc) change, you can use shape data to manually change parameters
if formulas change, you can define user functions in the user cell section of the shape sheet manually
(need to be skilled with both user define formulas as well as shapesheet specifics)
(to start: draw a square then right click and select shapesheet...from there, lots of reading on each cell and function does)
(you can launch VBA macros from shape sheet cells...in essence, a library of different macros that can be triggered)
there are ways to link excel to a drawing, as mentioned before...others can elaborate how the linkage works.
(its pretty complex..but can be done... its what you originally asked).
lastly, you can create a visio "DLL" with all your functions, UI, etc included (this is a lot of work). google visio add ons
One implementation option could be (keep everything in visio).
- visio sheet 1: Some user friendly way to input various parameters...maybe even user functions....scope out how fcns change
- Visio sheet 2: actual drawing with each shape shapesheet picking up parameters from visio sheet 1.
The more elaborate the implementation, the more fluent with visio you need to be.....
start small with experiments / "crawl walk run" (20 years in and I still discover new capabilities).
IMHO, this will be a big project.